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The Anatomy of Hearing: A Simple Guide to How We Hear
Your ability to hear the laughter of loved ones, enjoy your favorite music, or follow conversations in busy environments depends on a complex system working seamlessly together. Understanding how hearing works can help you recognize when something isn't functioning properly and why professional audiological care makes such a difference in treating hearing loss.
The Outer Ear: Where Sound Begins Its Journey
The visible part of your ear—called the pinna or auricle—does more than you might think. This curved structure acts like a satellite dish, collecting sound waves from your environment and funneling them into your ear canal. The unique shape helps you determine where sounds are coming from, which is why losing hearing in one ear can make it difficult to locate the source of noises.
The ear canal, a tube about one inch long, carries these sound waves toward your eardrum. Along the way, the canal produces cerumen (earwax), which protects your ear by trapping dust and debris. While earwax serves an important protective function, excessive buildup can block sound transmission and contribute to temporary hearing difficulties.
The Middle Ear: Amplifying the Signal
When sound waves reach the end of your ear canal, they strike the tympanic membrane—your eardrum. This thin, cone-shaped membrane vibrates in response to sound waves, converting air pressure changes into mechanical movement. The eardrum is remarkably sensitive, responding to even the faintest sounds.
Behind the eardrum lies an air-filled space containing three tiny bones collectively called the ossicles: the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). These bones form a chain that transmits vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The ossicles amplify sound by approximately 20 times, making soft sounds loud enough for the inner ear to detect.
The middle ear also connects to your throat through the Eustachian tube. This tube equalizes air pressure on both sides of the eardrum—that's why your ears "pop" when you change altitude. When the Eustachian tube doesn't function properly, fluid can accumulate in the middle ear, leading to conductive hearing loss.
The Inner Ear: Translating Vibrations into Signals
The inner ear houses two distinct systems: the cochlea for hearing and the vestibular system for balance. The stapes bone connects to the oval window, a membrane-covered opening that leads into the fluid-filled cochlea.
The Cochlea: Your Body's Sound Processor
The cochlea is a snail-shaped structure about the size of a pea, but its internal surface area is surprisingly large. Inside the cochlea are approximately 16,000 hair cells arranged along the basilar membrane, each responding to specific frequencies. High-frequency sounds stimulate hair cells near the base of the cochlea, while low-frequency sounds affect cells near the apex.
When the stapes pushes against the oval window, it creates waves in the cochlear fluid. These waves bend the stereocilia (tiny hair-like projections) on the hair cells. This bending action triggers electrical signals that travel along the auditory nerve to your brain.
Hair cells are delicate and don't regenerate once damaged. Exposure to loud noises, aging, certain medications, and various medical conditions can permanently destroy these cells, leading to sensorineural hearing loss—the most common type of permanent hearing impairment.
The Vestibular System: Maintaining Balance
While the cochlea handles hearing, the vestibular system manages your sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system includes three semicircular canals filled with fluid and lined with hair cells. As you move your head, the fluid shifts, bending the hair cells and signaling your brain about the direction and speed of movement.
The vestibular system also contains two structures called the utricle and saccule, which detect linear acceleration and gravity. These organs help you maintain posture and coordinate eye movements with head movements. At Southwest Balance, Dizziness & Ear Institute, we regularly diagnose and treat conditions affecting this system, including Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis, and Meniere's disease.
The Auditory Pathway: From Ear to Brain
Once hair cells generate electrical signals, the auditory nerve carries this information to the brainstem. From there, signals travel through several processing stations before reaching the auditory cortex in your temporal lobe. This pathway involves both ears communicating with both sides of your brain, which is why unilateral (one-sided) hearing loss can still affect your overall hearing ability.
Your brain doesn't just passively receive sound information—it actively processes and interprets it. This involves filtering out background noise, recognizing speech patterns, identifying the location of sounds, and attaching meaning to what you hear. This processing capability is why two people with identical audiogram results might experience hearing differently in real-world situations.
When the System Breaks Down: Types of Hearing Loss
Understanding the anatomy of hearing helps explain the different types of hearing loss:
Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound can't efficiently travel through the outer or middle ear. This might result from earwax buildup, ear infections, fluid in the middle ear, or damage to the ossicles. This type often responds well to medical treatment or surgical intervention.
Sensorineural hearing loss happens when hair cells in the cochlea or the auditory nerve are damaged. This is the most common form of permanent hearing loss and typically requires hearing aids for correction. Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) falls into this category, as does noise-induced hearing loss.
Mixed hearing loss involves both conductive and sensorineural components, requiring a comprehensive treatment approach.
Central auditory processing disorder (APD) doesn't involve hearing loss in the traditional sense—the ears work fine, but the brain struggles to interpret auditory information correctly. We specialize in diagnosing and treating APD at our practice, using advanced testing methods to identify specific processing weaknesses.
Why Professional Hearing Care Matters
Over-the-counter hearing devices have flooded the market, but they can't replace the expertise of trained audiologists. Proper hearing aid fitting requires understanding not just how loud you need sounds to be, but which specific frequencies need amplification based on your unique hair cell damage pattern.
At Southwest Balance, Dizziness & Ear Institute, we perform comprehensive hearing evaluations that typically take about two hours. This includes detailed medical history review, physical examination of your ears, and audiometric testing across multiple frequencies. We also conduct Real Ear Measurements during hearing aid fittings, which verify that the devices are providing the correct amount of amplification for your specific ear canal acoustics.
Modern hearing aids work with your auditory system rather than simply making everything louder. The latest models from manufacturers we offer—including Phonak Infinio, Starkey Omega AI, Oticon Intent, Signia IX and ReSound Vivia—use sophisticated processing to distinguish speech from noise, reduce feedback, and adapt automatically to different listening environments. These devices can't restore damaged hair cells, but they can optimize the signals reaching your brain, reducing listening effort and improving communication.
Protecting Your Hearing System
Your hearing system is sophisticated but vulnerable. Loud noise exposure remains one of the most preventable causes of hearing damage. Sounds above 85 decibels can damage hair cells with prolonged exposure, while extremely loud sounds (above 120 decibels) can cause immediate damage.
Certain medications (ototoxic drugs) can damage hearing structures, so always discuss potential hearing effects with your physician when starting new medications. Regular hearing evaluations become increasingly important after age 50, when age-related changes begin affecting most people.
If you experience sudden hearing loss in one or both ears, this constitutes a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. Prompt treatment within the first few days can sometimes prevent permanent damage.
Schedule Your Comprehensive Hearing Evaluation
Understanding how your hearing system works makes it clear why comprehensive professional care delivers better outcomes than self-directed approaches. At Southwest Balance, Dizziness & Ear Institute, our three doctors of audiology bring over 75 years of combined experience to every patient evaluation.
Whether you're experiencing hearing difficulties, balance problems, or simply want to establish baseline hearing measurements, we provide the thorough diagnostic testing needed to understand your unique auditory system. Our comprehensive approach means you'll receive accurate diagnosis and treatment recommendations tailored to your specific needs.
Contact our Phoenix office at (602) 265-9000 to schedule your hearing evaluation. Our clinic is located at 4004 N 7th St., Phoenix, AZ 85014, and we're open Monday through Friday, 9am to 5pm. Let us help you understand and protect one of your most valuable senses.
Latest Articles
Understanding Conductive Hearing Loss, Its Root Causes as well as the Treatments
Conductive hearing loss sufferers have problems hearing due to a problem with their ear’s capacity to conduct sound waves. This variety of hearing loss arises from a blockage in the ear canal, but it also may be due to a congenital absence or malformation in the ear. In many cases conductive hearing loss can be treated, fully restoring normal hearing ability.Quite a few congenital problems may cause conductive hearing loss. For example, someone may be born with an ear canal that isn’t fully open, or their ear canal may not have developed at all. Deformation of inner ear components can inhibit optimal hearing. A number of these congenital problems can be addressed via surgery. Others may be best addressed with a hearing aid. Congenital problems are among the less frequent reasons behind conductive hearing loss.One of the more common causes of conductive hearing loss is a buildup of fluid or wax in the outer ear. Wax buildup and infections of the ear can lower a person’s hearing ability. Ear infections can be cured with prescription antibiotics while cleansing the ear might be sufficient for eliminating ear wax buildup.Buildup in the middle ear can also result in conductive hearing loss. This issue is most often caused by the accumulation of fluid. Frequently attributable to ear infections, this issue is widespread in kids. Sinus pressure from the common cold or allergies can exert pressure on the middle ear, putting a damper on a person’s ability to hear. A uncommon reason for hearing loss in the middle ear is tumors.Perforated eardrums or foreign bodies in the ear canal are other problems that may be responsible for conductive hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss principally happens on its own, however it can coincide with other forms of hearing loss. Consult with a hearing care specialist right away if you experience any unexplained hearing loss. In many cases complete hearing can be recovered with appropriate treatment.
Watch Out for Hearing Loss from these Everyday Medications – The Ototoxic List
There are countless drug and medication commercials nowadays with seemingly endless lists of negative side effects. Did you know certain medications can cause balance problems or hearing loss? These medications are in wide use, and they’re called ototoxic medications. Ototoxic drugs are over-the-counter (OTC) and doctor-prescribed medications that can damage your hearing and alter your balance. You can find more than 200 recognized ototoxic drugs that are in common use according to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASLHA). Quite a few of these ototoxic medications are used, and you’ve probably heard of them and might even be using them.
- Loop Diuretics – Loop diuretics are sometimes used in the management of certain kidney conditions, high blood pressure, and heart failure. Loop diuretics have been shown to cause tinnitus and hearing loss, which is sometimes only discovered during a hearing test.
- Salicylates – Salicylates are commonly found in everyday pain relievers such as aspirin and in aspirin-containing medications. Tinnitus and hearing loss are known to be caused by high daily doses (8 or more tablets per day) of medicines containing salicylates. Fortunately, when drugs containing salicylates are discontinued, the ototoxic side effects will go away on their own.
- NSAIDs – Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(known as NSAIDs) can result in temporary hearing loss and a ringing in the ears in large quantities.Some easily recognized NSAIDs include ibuprofen and naproxen.
- Aminoglycoside Antibiotics – There are numerous categories of aminoglycoside antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections, including streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin and amikacin. Complications come up when these medications produce free radicals, which do damage to the inner ear. Expectant mothers should be mindful of possible congenital deafness from using aminoglycosides during pregnancy.
- Chemotherapy Drugs – Cancer treatment drugs, such as bleomycin, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin can cause permanent hearing damage. If you have any hearing or balance changes while taking your chemotherapy drugs, speak to your oncologist.
Increased dosage and/or mixing of these ototoxic medications can increase the risks, but always consult your physician before adjusting or stopping any prescription drugs. To safeguard your ear health, talk to your doctor for alternatives to known ototoxic medications; if they cannot be avoided, make sure you are taking the correct dose precisely as directed.
Home Hearing Loop System Installation for Beginner’s
Congrats. In an effort to hear your favorite television shows without annoying family members, you went out and purchased a hearing loop. Although it may have been a challenge to find the best system from all the fantastic options out there, it should be much easier for you to install your hearing loop after you get it home and out of the box. Fortunately, a professional is not needed to install a home hearing loop, because the steps are quite straightforward.Before you begin. Nearly all home hearing loop systems have four major pieces — an amplifier box, the loop cables, the product you want to hear more clearly (for example the TV) and the sound receiver (typically your hearing aid or a separate device packaged with your system). Just like any home project, it is a good idea to ensure you have all the correct tools and equipment on hand before you begin configuring your new system. Dependant upon the particulars of the system you’re installing, a few additional tools, such as an industrial stapler and a screwdriver, will make your installation much easier.The steps involved. The first thing to do is to position the amplifier in a suitable location close to your sound source (normally a TV set or telephone), being certain to follow any directions the manufacturer provides for using special tape or screws to attach the amplifier to a piece of furniture or a wall. The subsequent step is to plug your amplifier into a power outlet and to connect your amplifier’s input jack to the audio output jack of your sound source. The last is to place the wire loop along either the edge of the ceiling or floor and secure with staples or tacks.And, your done!Just follow the hearing loop manufacturer’s directions to modify the volume and any additional settings your system might have. The volume controls can be located on the amplifier itself or on a standalone remote depending on the hearing loop’s design.Caution. Never position any electronic equipment in or around water, or in areas where moisture may accumulate. Never spray cleaning solution on the amplifier; instead, wipe it with a dry cloth. Moreover, keep the system away from sources of heat, such as a heater, fireplace or stove. Be sure your home hearing loop is placed in an area with plenty of ventilation to avoid overheating it.
Picking Electronic Hearing Protection That’s Perfect for You
Public health officials estimate that approximately 26 million people across the U.S. are impacted by noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). NIHL can be temporary or permanent, caused by exposure to unsafe sound levels above 85 decibels (dB). By way of comparison, repeated exposure to traffic noise in cities may reach this decibel level, while guns, motorcycles and fireworks all have decibel levels in excess of 120. Luckily, there are several styles of hearing protection products sold at your local sports or hardware store to match the different noise levels in a variety of conditions.The rating system for hearing protection. In the US, all products are given a Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) based on a standard system for assessing the amount of protection they give the wearer. NRR is measured a decibel scale of 0 to 33 with the level of protection rising with the rating number.
Deciding Between Earmuffs and Earplugs
Electronic earplugs
Electronic earplugs are small devices placed inside the ear to block extremes in external noise, while still allowing you to hear normal sounds in your vicinity. On top of that, they respond and adapt to deaden unexpected noises, such as a shot from a gun or a cymbal. Some kinds of electronic earplugs can allow lower-decibel sounds such as speech to pass while at the same time blocking dangerous noises. Electronic earplugs are particularly valuable in situations where earmuffs could be too cumbersome and get in the way.
Electronic earmuffs
Electronic earmuffs cover the entire outer ear with a cushioned insulating material and, while many models are similar in appearance to non-electronic earmuffs, they are actually very different. Some earmuffs are made specifically for people who encounter firearms on a routine basis, such as soldiers, police or hunters. Other earmuffs designs include a built-in radio system to enable conversation between people working in noisy environments. You can even find certain earmuffs that let you listen to the radio when you are in a noisy spot, which is wonderful when blowing leaves or mowing the lawn.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Behind the Ear (BTE) Model Hearing Aids
When it’s time to select a new hearing aid, you will find that there are many types and styles from which to select. Although every style of device has its own advantages and disadvantages, behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids are one of the more popular options.If you’re thinking about investing in hearing aids for yourself or for a loved one, the facts in this article may help you decide whether a BTE hearing aid might be a sensible choice.Of the various types of hearing aids on the market, behind-the-ear designs are usually the easiest to identify. The very first thing you’ll recognize is a compact, curved plastic case that sits behind the ear and is attached to another section placed inside the ear. The hearing aid itself is housed in the case section of the device. The battery, the electronics, and many of the controls for operating the hearing aid are safeguarded by this casing. The part that sits inside the ear is called the ear mold. Ear molds are custom-made using the unique form of each wearer’s ears, which helps to ensure that they are comfortable to wear and that sound is transmitted effectively.There are a number of advantages associated with wearing a behind-the-ear hearing aid. The larger casing fits larger batteries, which can provide additional amplification and longer battery life. The larger size of the BTE also allows for more features, including directional microphones, telecoil and Bluetooth. On top of that, the larger casing makes BTE hearing aids easier to handle than more compact ones, which makes swapping batteries and cleaning the device less difficult for people with more limited dexterity and eyesight.In terms of drawbacks, the biggest criticism of BTE hearing aids is their appearance. It’s extremely tough to conceal the fact that you are wearing a hearing aid if you opt for a BTE. Users who are sensitive about the aesthetics can select cases that complement their skin coloration to help them blend in. Noise from wind can also be a problem with BTE hearing aids, though most of them now have hardware and software features available to reduce or eliminate this concern.If it sounds as though pros of BTE hearing aids outnumber the cons, you may have found the right to suit your needs. Consider talking to your audiologist to find out more.
Modern Hearing Aids Get Connected – A Look at Advantages of Bluetooth
A large number of new types of hearing aids are equipped with Bluetooth capabilities; maybe yours already has it. Bluetooth is most often associated with hands-free cellular phone use, but it is also commonly found in mp3 players, TVs, computers and home phones. Hearing aids equipped with Bluetooth give you brand new ways to use and manage these products, which makes them more flexible and convenient, and offering you a superior sound experience.Nearly all hearing aids use a small, easy to use external device to control their Bluetooth features. The controls are generally worn around the neck or carried in a pocket. Whenever you wish to obtain Bluetooth signals, the controller will receive the sounds and wirelessly transmit them to your hearing aid. This allows you to hear your television, phone, or other Bluetooth-compatible device without having to turn the volume up high. You can even use Bluetooth to listen to telephone conversations in both ears, making it even easier to hear.Bluetooth controllers are designed to be user friendly. In many cases all you will need to do is press a button that is assigned to the device you wish to listen to. Talking on a mobile phone or listening to an audio player that uses Bluetooth is just as straightforward – just push a button to activate and press it again to stop. Depending upon the particular type of Bluetooth-enabled hearing aids you have, you may even be able to manage other features as well.Hearing aids with a Bluetooth feature can help keep seniors with mobility issues safe and comfortable. Newer designs allow you to be up to 30 feet away from your phone when making a call, allowing you to get in touch with your loved ones without having to leave your seat. This functionality can be potentially lifesaving during an emergency.Choosing to buy a hearing aid with Bluetooth capabilities allows you to enjoy a clear, crisp listening experience which is hard to achieve through any other means. This mix of clear sound and simple-to-use makes Bluetooth a terrific way to strengthen your hearing and delight in experiences that may have felt out of reach.
True or False – Built Up Ear Wax Contributes to Hearing Loss
The canals in our ears are lined with hair follicles as well as glands that produce an oily wax called cerumen, or ear wax. This wax coats the inner surface of the ear canal and protects it by attracting and gathering foreign debris like dirt and dust, bacteria, and various microbes. A further purpose of ear wax is to protect the delicate skin of the ear canal if it is exposed to water; Thus, the creation of ear wax is both normal and healthy.Ordinarily, ear wax makes its way to the opening of the ear, where it comes out by itself can be removed when we rinse out our ears. But, the glands in certain people’s ears produce more wax than usual. As a result, the wax accumulates and may harden, blocking the ear canal and preventing sound waves from getting to your inner ear. For that reason, the buildup of excess ear wax is, for people of every age, one of the most common causes of hearing difficulties.Signs of ear wax blockage normally include earaches, a sense that the ear is closed up, a persistent ringing noise (tinnitus), and partial loss of hearing, which seems to get gradually worse. This is a form of conductive (rather than sensorineural) hearing loss, where the sound waves are blocked from getting to the eardrum. Hearing loss brought on by excess ear wax, happily, can be easily diagnosed and treated.If the symptoms listed above sound familiar to you, see us in our clinic where any of our team members can do pain-free assessments to see whether you do in fact have an excess accumulation of ear wax. If it is, an excessive build-up of ear wax is readily treated, either at home or at the office.If an audiologist says that you have excessive ear wax that is blocking your ear canal, you can take steps to remove it by yourself at home. One of the things not to attempt, however, is to use a Q-tip or cotton swab, which tends to just compact the ear wax, not get rid of it. A much better home treatment is to add drops of mineral oil, glycerin, baby oil, or commercial ear drops to each ear, let them loosen the wax build-up, and then wash it out using water at body temperature. (Hot or cold water can cause feelings of vertigo or dizziness.) Drug stores offer small bulb-like syringes which you can use to flush the ear after the wax has been loosened, assisting the process. Do not try to use a WaterPik or other jet irrigator created for the teeth because the force of the spray could harm the eardrum, and do not try any form of irrigation at home if you know that your eardrum has been punctured.If this doesn’t seem to work to clear up the accumulation of ear wax, come visit us.
Fact or Fiction – Loud Music at Concerts May Damage Your Hearing
If you have ever been at a concert and thought “This music is simply too loud,” it doesn’t necessarily mean that you’ve gotten too old for this sort of music. It might imply that your body is trying warn you – that you are in a place that could impair your ability to hear. If, after you’ve left the event, and for the subsequent few days you have had a ringing in your ears (tinnitus) or had trouble hearing as well as usual, you may have experienced NIHL – noise induced hearing loss.Noise induced hearing loss can happen even after one exposure to very loud concert music, because the high decibel noises injure very small hair cells in the inner ear that receive auditory signals and translate them into sounds. Luckily for the majority, the NIHL they suffer after a single exposure to loud concert music is not permanent, and goes away after a day or so. However in the event that you continue to expose yourself to very loud noise or music, it can cause tinnitus that does not go away, or a long-term loss of hearing.How much damage very loud noise does to one’s hearing is dependant upon two things – exactly how loud the noise is, and exactly how long you are in contact with it. Noise levels are measured on the decibel scale, which is logarithmic and thus not very intuitive; a rise of 10 decibels on the scale means that the sound at the higher rating is twice as loud. So the sound of noisy urban traffic (85 decibels) is not just a little louder than the sound of normal speech (65 decibels), it’s 4 times louder. The decibel rating at typical rock concerts is 115, meaning that these noise levels are 10 times louder than normal speech. Together with how loud the noise is, the second factor that impacts how much damage is done is how long you are exposed to it, thepermissible exposure time. Loss of hearing can occur from coming in contact with sound at 85 decibels after only 8 hours. At 115 decibels, the level of rock concerts, the permissible exposure time before you risk hearing loss is under 1 minute. Therefore concerts are high risk, because the noise levels at some of them have been measured at greater than 140 decibels.It has been predicted that as many as fifty million people will suffer hearing loss as a result of exposure to very loud music – either at live shows or over headphones by 2050. Live concert promoters, now that they have been made aware of this, have started to offer fans low-cost ear plugs to wear during their shows.One famous UK rock band actually collaborated with an earplug vendor to offer them totally free to people attending its concerts. Notices are beginning to appear at concert venues saying, “Earplugs are sexy!” In all honesty, wearing earplugs at a concert may not really be all that sexy, but if they safeguard your ability to hear and enjoy future concerts it might be worthwhile.Any of our hearing specialists right here would be happy to provide you with information regarding earplugs. If a loud rock and roll concert is in your future, we strongly suggest that you think about wearing a good pair.
Shocking Hearing Loss Stats and Data
Are you looking for some facts and data to finally get a loved one to have a hearing test or be fitted for a hearing aid? Chatting about some of the data related to the prevalence, causes and effects of hearing problems may finally get them to make that initial appointment. The following are some facts and statistics to help you make your case:
- More men than women experience hearing loss.
- Roughly 13% of the population over age 65 will experience tinnitus – ringing in the ears.
- The number of Americans with hearing loss has doubled in the last 30 years.
- Nearly one of of every 5 individuals in the US have some form of hearing loss – that is 36 million people!
- Ten million people have irreversible loss of hearing because of noise, and 30 million more people are exposed to harmful levels of noise every day.
- Many more people could benefit from a hearing aid than in fact wear one. Some estimates claim there are 4 additional people who could benefit, for every 1 actually using a hearing aid.
- One million Americans have tinnitus that is so serious it gets in the way of daily life.
- Hearing loss categorization studies report that 5% of cases are severe, 30% moderate and 65% are classified as mild.
- Roughly 13,000 adults and 10,000 children in the United States have cochlear implants.
- Approximately 26 million Americans aged between 20 and 69 suffer from high frequency hearing loss caused by recurring exposure to loud noise either on the job or during leisure activities.
- Those with hearing loss delay an average of 10 years before doing anything about it.
Does that describe you or someone you love?
Overview of the 5 Primary Forms of Hearing Loss
Hearing loss is grouped in a variety of different ways. The specific section of the auditory system affected determines the categorization. In this short article we provide an introduction to five categories – sensorineural, conductive, functional, central and mixed. The starting point in creating a therapy plan is to accurately diagnose the type of hearing impairment.Conductive hearing loss – In situations where sound waves aren’t adequately conducted to the inner ear through the parts of the outer and middle ear, conductive hearing loss occurs. Conductive hearing loss is very common and can be caused by a buildup of ear wax, a buildup of fluid in the eustacian tube, which prevents the eardrum from moving properly, a middle ear infection, a perforated eardrum, disease of the tiny bones of the middle ear and other obstructions in the ear canal.Most instances of this type of hearing loss are reversible, presuming there is no permanent damage to the regions of the middle ear, and with proper treatment the problem usually resolves fairly quickly. In some cases surgery can help to correct the condition or a hearing aid may be recommended.Sensorineural hearing loss – This type of hearing loss accounts for over 90% of the instances in which a hearing aid is worn. Sensorineural hearing loss is the result of damage in the inner ear or damage to the acoustic nerve, which blocks sound signals from reaching the brain. Also referred to as nerve deafness or retrocochlear hearing loss, the impairment is more often than not permanent, though breakthroughs in technology have enabled some formerly untreatable cases to see some improvement.The most frequent factors that cause sensorineural hearing loss are aging, extended exposure to noise, complications with blood circulation to the interior of the ear, fluid disturbance in the inner ear, medicines that cause injury to the ear, some diseases, genetics and problems with the auditory nerve.Hearing aids are sufficient for the majority of people that have this kind of hearing loss, but in more serious cases, a cochlear implant can help restore hearing to those individuals for whom a conventional hearing aid is not enough.Central hearing loss – This condition occurs when a problem in the CNS (central nervous system) prevents sound signals from being processed and interpreted by the brain. Affected individuals can ostensibly hear just fine, but cannot understand or interpret what is being said. Many cases involve a problem with the individual’s ability to properly filter competing sounds. For example, the majority of us can hold a conversation with traffic noise in the background, but individuals with this problem have a really hard time with this.Functional hearing loss – A rare occurrence, this type of hearing loss is not physical. Functional hearing loss is due to psychological or emotional problem in which the person’s physical hearing is normal, however they do not seem to be able to hear.Mixed hearing loss – As suggested by the term, mixed hearing loss is a combination of multiple types of hearing loss, in this case the combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. Though there are a couple of other types of hearing loss, the combination of these two is most frequent.
Ryan’s Story
Lost In the Crowd
How I Discovered My Child had APD
When Ryan was about 9 months of age I started noticing that my baby boy was not so happy in certain situations. When I took him to the gym daycare he would cry. Sometimes he would sit in the corner, and every once in a while, rock back and forth against the wall. At birthday parties he seemed to be in his own world. There were never any red flags about Ryan’s behavior at his doctor visits in the quiet examination room when I would take him and my daughter to their well exams. At home he was just like other toddlers. However, he was a different child in a crowd.
By the time my child went into preschool, his teachers told us that there definitely was something wrong with him. He couldn’t play appropriately with all of the other kids. If there was more than one kid in the room, he was lost. He was preoccupied with sounds that no one else would pay any attention to such as tapping of pencils or lights bussing above him. He would say things that were off topic and not be able to understand the rules to games.He went through several preschools until the school district diagnosed him with developmental delays in the social/emotional and behavioral areas. After that, he was placed in the developmental preschool. Still, he could not sit in his seat for very long or follow oral directions and still had a hard time making friends.The next school year did not go so well either, to say the least. By now, the school psychologist was trying to get my son to see a psychiatrist, she said over the phone something about there being medications for these issues. I told her “No way! I will never medicate my son!” She also told me that they wanted to change his label from Developmentally Delayed to Emotionally Disabled. I just knew that it had something to do with the sounds that he heard, or crowded places. I knew that my son did not have any type of mental illness.Meanwhile, he was a good sight reader, for a five year old, and he was good at memorizing things and was also a wizard on the computer at home. However, Ryan was still not making many friends. He got in a few fights. He was not able to join in on the conversations in class, the lunch room, or the playground. He also would say a few bad words here and there. I guess he felt that at least the other kids would laugh or smile when he would say or do silly things. He mentioned to me that the other kids thought he was funny. Any where there were more than a few people, he would act lost. During “one on one,” at home or in the principal’s office, he would behave like any other kid. The only explanation he would give me for his behavior was that he could not listen. “What was I supposed to do with that information,” I thought.After months of phone calls home from the principal’s office regarding my sons’ weird behavior and pressure to get my son evaluated for his mental issues I ended up calling theArizonaCenterfor Disability Law and told them that I felt like I was being pressured by the school system to medicate my kid. They said that was not legal and sent me a book. I also forgot to mention that Able Child, my son’s Naturopath and CCHR was also helping me through this process; telling me that it sounds like my son has a learning disability and not a mental problem.I received the book fromArizonaCenterfor Disability Law. I went through the list of disorders and researched every single one on line. When I got to Central Auditory Processing Disorder I looked it up on the internet just like the other disabilities. OMG!! This is it!!! I showed my husband and he said calmly, “This is what wrong with our son.”From there, I called many audiologists in the area. I found out that only a couple places diagnose this problem, however, not until the child turns 7. I knew that if there was a will, there was a way. After a few days an audiologist office referred me to Arizona Balance andHearingCenter. They have the technology there to even diagnose babies. I made an appointment for the next week. After 3 hours of testing the staff came to get me and informed me that “Ryan meets the criteria set forth by the American Speech –Language-Hearing Association for an Auditory Processing Disorder.” They gave me a list of recommendations, from an FM system in the class room to working with an audiologist. They referred me to Susan Van Wie. That is where the healing began.Ryan was diagnosed a few days before summer vacation. We saw Susan for one hour of therapy every Sunday that summer. Ryan did about 45 minutes of therapy work about five days a week, mostly with auditory computer programs made for children with auditory processing issues. As a team we made alleviating his APD our mission.Little by little, I noticed my son was not turning up the television so loud. He was able to play more with his sister’s friends. He was not so “off topic” and he was saying “what,” and “huh” a lot less. He was turning into a happier kid and we were slowly becoming a happier family.We ended up changing elementary schools for my son so he could have a fresh start. Susan would meet me at the IEP meetings at his school in order to make sure the staff was educated about APD and for support on my behalf. She informed the school what APD was, how to elevate it, and helped the school get an FM speaker in Ryan’s class in order for him to hear speech in noise. An FM system is where the teacher speaks into a small microphone that is attached to her shirt, or around her neck, and her voice can be heard without the background noise of other kids. His classroom has one big speaker so it is beneficial to every child in his class.We kept seeing Susan for the next 7 months. He diligently did his daily auditory lessons that Susan prepared for us. By the end of that school year, my son made Student of the Month! I have to also mention that his new school has done a great job helping Ryan catch up on his social skills and understanding and working with his condition. Now Ryan could correctly hear what his friends and his teacher are saying to him. Susan was wonderful. Ryan just loved her. She is kind and patient and always treated Ryan and I with respect. Ryan, Susan and I were a team. In ten months my son went from a confused outcast to a well adjusted Student of the Month.It has been about 18 months since Ryan was diagnosed with APD. He can now hear most speech in noise and has tested well in most of the age appropriate categories. He will need a re-evaluation every year to make sure he is still doing well. Our days are not always perfect. He still needs directions repeated here and there at school and sometimes gets in trouble for not keeping his hands to himself while in line. Although, he still needs a FM System in his class, for now, to help him stay focused. He is a pretty good student who now just has age appropriate issues at school and at home.I feel so blessed to have been able to help my son and I hope his story will help other children who are misdiagnosed. I know that Auditory Processing Disorder will become recognized more by the schools and pediatricians. I was grateful that I stumbled across it under the learning disorders in the book sent to me. I cringe to think what could have become of my boy’s self esteem if he kept suffering with the confusion of his brain not processing sounds and words correctly. Ryan is proof that this disorder can be overcome with the right intervention and a lot of hard work.--Ryan’s Mom
What Nutrients and Foods Can Help Support Healthy Hearing?
As youngsters, most of us were most likely advised to eat our carrots for better vision. Most likely you did not hear any comparable suggestions about which foods were beneficial to your ears and hearing. Now we can teach our little ones what things to eat for healthy hearing and ears, and also sensible for us to adhere to our own recommendations! Noise, age and infections are among the many reasons for hearing impairment. Specific nutrients in the foods mentioned in this article may help prevent or impede the progression of some common reasons for hearing loss. Musicians, machinery workers, and other professionals in contact with loud noises, are at a greater risk for ear damage. Those with a profession or pastime subjecting them to intense noise, can help take care of their hearing with potatoes, artichokes, bananas, or any other foods abundant in the mineral magnesium. Despite the fact that the precise mechanism is not known, human and animal studies have shown that magnesium helps defend against noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).Surprisingly, research indicates that fish such as salmon and trout that possesses vitamin D and omega 3 fats, may reduce the incidence of age-related hearing problems. Other smart omega 3 fats and vitamin D choices are the anchovies on your pizza and the tuna fish probably sitting in your cupboard. Eaten two times per week, any of these may help you hear better in your later years.Contact with high decibel noise can stimulate the generation of harmful free radicals contributing to the demise of delicate inner ear hair cells, according to The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). Folic acid and antioxidants can minimize tissue damage from free radicals in the inner ear. Particular foods are particularly rich in folic acid and antioxidants – among them asparagus, nuts, eggs and spinach.You know what? Dark chocolate is also ideal for your hearing health! Dark chocolate contains zinc, and zinc deficiencies have been related to age-related hearing loss. If you don’t like dark chocolate, grab some oysters on the half shell; any foods which contain zinc will work!Now we can help our children reduce future hearing damage with a couple of simple foods we most likely have in our kitchen. Simply add some of these suggestions to the grocery list next to carrots for good eye sight.
Directions for Do-it-Yourself Ear Cleaning and Wax Removal
Blockage of the outer ear canal due to an accumulation of ear wax is one of the most prevalent causes of temporary hearing loss. If you are rather confident that ear wax is the source of your short-term hearing loss, you almost certainly want to clean your ears. Although this is a normal desire, it is crucial to understand how to clean your ears safely, without causing hearing or ear canal damage.To stress health and safety when cleaning your ears, let’s start with what not to do. Avoid using cotton swabs or any other foreign objects that you insert into your ears, as they may cause the ear wax to become even more compacted. Never, use any gadget that sprays water under pressure. The pressurized water stream can perforate your eardrum. Lastly, if you know that you have a ruptured eardrum, leave cleaning your ears to a hearing specialist. The same holds true if you suspect you have an ear infection. Signs and symptoms of ear infections include fever, vomiting or diarrhea, ear pain and fluid draining from the ears.Cleaning your ears properly in your own home can be done with syringe or bulb and a rinse solution from the local pharmacy. You can purchase a carbamide peroxide solution at the local drugstore, or make your own using equal parts of glycerin, mineral oil and 3 to 4 percent.To use the solution, carefully squeeze the solution into the ear using the bulb or syringe. It generally works best to lay down on your side with a towel available to catch drips. Try to avoid touching the ear with the bulb if you can. Allow the carbamide peroxide solution to linger in your ear for a couple of minutes and then repeat for the other side.The solution will loosen and soften the built up wax so that it can be rinsed out. Use lukewarm water to wash each ear and towel dry. Again, do not insert anything into the ear while drying. If the blockage continues, repeat this process of cleaning your ears twice a day for 2 or 3 days. If the problem continues any longer, call your an audiologist or hearing specialist.
What Treatment Methods are Offered for Central Auditory Processing Disorder
There are several good reasons why Central Auditory Processing Disorder, or CAPD, is difficult to diagnose properly. Conventional hearing tests do not always catch CAPD because the condition originates in the brain, not the ears. Youngsters with CAPD can hear spoken phrases and sounds, especially speech, but their brains improperly process the signals sent by the ears. One more reason it is hard to diagnose is because children often develop advanced coping mechanisms. These children may be pros at using expressions or reading lips to conceal their condition.These characteristics of Central Auditory Processing Disorder also make treatment of the condition challenging, because any individual trying to enhance the child’s speech comprehension must continuously remain cognizant of them and develop approaches to work around them. Unfortunately there is no recognized cure or treatment for CAPD that works well across all kids. Each treatment plan is highly personalized and adjusted based on the patients’ capabilities and limitations. With that said, there are a number of treatment protocols which are greatly strengthening childrens’ learning prognosis.Central Auditory Processing Disorder therapy falls into three primary categories – environmental change, direct treatment and compensatory strategies.
- Compensatory Strategies – The group of methods including attention, memory, problem-solving and language improvement skills is called compensatory strategies. These particular therapies give students better coping skills and techniques that enable them to do well at learning, and also make them learn to take responsibility for their own learning success. Lessons intended to improve these types of skills might contain “active listening” drills or solving word problems.
- Direct Treatment – Computer-aided learning and one-on-one therapy sessions fall under the category of direct treatment. These strategies make use of the brain’s inherent plasticity and ability to establish new neurological pathways and abilities. These treatment options routinely include, in the classroom, at home or in therapy sessions, the use of Hasbro’s “Simon” game or the “Fast ForWord” educational software from Scientific Education to help pupils to improve the sequencing, discrimination, and processing of acoustic inputs. Some direct CAPD therapy uses dichotic training which trains the brain on hearing multiple sounds in different ears and analyzing the blended inputs correctly. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt’s “Earobics” program, is also employed by some professionals to strengthen phonological awareness.
- Environmental Change – In the category of environmental change one technique is lowering the level of ambient noise via soundproofing and putting in acoustic tiles, curtains or wall hangings because surrounding noise is proven to make it harder for an individual with CAPD to comprehend speech. In certain school rooms, the teachers don a microphone and the CAPD pupils wear small receivers, so that the teacher’s voice is amplified and clarified, making it distinct from other sounds or voices. Some benefits are from better lighting, because lips and expressions are easier to read on fully lit faces than on dimly-lit faces.
So treatments are available if your child is diagnosed with CAPD, but bear in mind that the first step is identifying the condition, and doing this early. If there is a way we can assist with this, please phone or email us. Allow us to add our years of hearing expertise and connections with local Central Auditory Processing Disorder specialists to helping your child learn properly.
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Conveniently located near the intersection of 7th Street and Indian School Road.

Southwest Balance, Dizziness & Ear Institute (formerly Arizona Balance & Hearing Aids)
4004 N 7th St.Phoenix, AZ 85014